Supination

A triplanar movement at the subtalar joint combining inversion, plantarflexion, and adduction. During gait, supination creates a rigid lever for push-off after midstance. Excessive supination (underpronation) means the foot stays rigid through the stance phase, failing to pronate for shock absorption.

Excessive supination reduces shock absorption capacity, concentrates force on the lateral foot and 5th metatarsal, and is associated with lateral ankle sprains, stress fractures of the 5th metatarsal, iliotibial band syndrome, and lateral knee pain. It often accompanies hip external rotation dominance and a rigid movement strategy.