Plantarflexion

The movement of the foot away from the shin, increasing the angle at the ankle joint. The motion used when pointing your toes or pushing off during gait. Normal plantarflexion range is approximately 40-55 degrees. Driven primarily by the gastrocnemius and soleus complex.

Plantarflexion is the propulsive force in gait and running. Deficits reduce push-off power and alter stride mechanics. Excessive plantarflexion (equinus posture) is seen in habitual heel-wearers and can lead to Achilles shortening, forefoot overload, and metatarsalgia. Assessment of plantarflexion strength and endurance (single-leg calf raise test) also screens for Achilles tendinopathy and S1 nerve root compromise.